Are scented candles your thing? Study raises concerns

A new study conducted in Ireland has raised concerns about the potential health risks associated with burning scented candles in enclosed spaces. The research revealed that these candles produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, and nitrogen oxides, which can significantly worsen indoor air quality, according to a report by News18.

Researchers from University College Cork and Galway University examined air quality in 14 homes in Galway, measuring pollutants like carbon dioxide and particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) that pose health risks, as reported by Gazeta.ru. The study found that activities such as lighting candles, smoking, and closing ventilation openings can significantly worsen air quality, leading to increased concentrations of fine particles and carbon dioxide in the air.

Dr. Asit Kumar Mishra and Dr. Marie Coggins co-authored the study, finding that using scented candles indoors can harm air quality and expose people to pollutants and toxic gases, according to Parade. The researchers also recorded temperature and humidity in two rooms of each house during the experiment, as noted by Gazeta.ru.

Sulfur dioxide released from burning scented candles can irritate the eyes and cause respiratory symptoms.

Experts have highlighted the dangers of particulate matter produced by scented candles. PM2.5 particles are so small that the human eye cannot see them and can penetrate deep into the lungs, potentially leading to inflammation and activation of harmful cells, according to Leggo.

Paraffin candles emit polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene and formaldehyde, which are known human carcinogens, according to Newsbomb. Benzene, a carcinogenic VOC released by paraffin candles, increases the risk of leukemia and other blood cancers, as reported by 20 Minuten.

"Synthetic materials are added to all kinds of scented chemicals. This inevitably pollutes the indoor air," explained Dr. Onur Aksoy in an interview with Turkish Kanal D News, according to Haberler. He further explained, "Paraffin breaks down into benzene. These two chemicals can cause serious harm. Especially, benzene can have very carcinogenic effects. It can suppress bone marrow. It can damage the lungs and liver. Ventilating the room for 10 minutes will be good."

The concentration of pollutants can be significantly reduced by avoiding scented candles, especially those with floral scents, which often contain higher levels of toxins, according to Leggo. Experts recommend using candles without fragrance, shorter wicks, and proper ventilation. Even natural candles require the room to be ventilated.

Some believe that candles made from natural ingredients, such as soy wax or beeswax, are safer alternatives. However, recent studies show that it makes little difference in terms of released pollutants whether a candle is made of beeswax, stearin, or paraffin, according to 20 Minutes.

Experts emphasize that the actual risk of burning candles depends on factors such as the frequency and duration of use, room size, number of candles, ventilation, and the type and quality of the wax. Dr. Sobia Farooq stated, "There is no general conclusion that paraffin candles will either harm or not harm your health," according to Newsbomb. She explained that although there is no conclusive evidence proving whether paraffin candles are harmful to health, "people with respiratory problems like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should avoid using them," as reported by Leggo.

After extinguishing the flames, the room should be well-ventilated to quickly reduce pollutant concentrations, preferably with cross-ventilation. Using LED candles can further reduce pollutant exposure and lower the risk of fire.

This article was written in collaboration with generative AI company Alchemiq